一、概 述
堿法濕(shi)式煙氣脫硫除塵工藝，是各種燃煤鍋爐或窯爐應(ying)用(yong)*廣(guang)泛的煙氣脫硫工藝，技(ji)術成熟可靠，安(an)裝、維修、操作(zuo)、管理方便，運(yun)行費(fei)用(yong)低，脫硫除塵效率高，其主要優(you)點是：
(1) 脫硫除塵效率高(gao)，可達到95%以上；
(2) 可用(yong)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)作吸(xi)收(shou)劑(ji)(ji)，資源豐(feng)富價廉易得，利(li)用(yong)率高；也可用(yong)工業堿(jian)作吸(xi)收(shou)劑(ji)(ji)。
(3) 技術成(cheng)熟(shu)，設備運行可靠性(xing)高，對煤(mei)種的的適(shi)(shi)應性(xing)好(hao)，尤其適(shi)(shi)應于高硫煤(mei)；
(4) 設備設計緊湊，用地面積少(shao)，采用**的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)和脫水技術嚴(yan)防(fang)風機帶(dai)水，適用于任(ren)何含硫量煤種的(de)煙氣脫硫；
(5) 對(dui)鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)負荷變化的(de)適(shi)應(ying)性(xing)強，適(shi)用于各種燃煤(mei)設(she)施的(de)脫硫及改造工程，該設(she)備操作方(fang)便，運行(xing)穩定，是目前鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)、窯爐(lu)(lu)煙氣脫硫的(de)**設(she)備。
二、工作原理
堿(jian)法濕(shi)式(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)設(she)(she)備是利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)噴(pen)(pen)淋(lin)(lin)、自激沸騰、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)、噴(pen)(pen)淋(lin)(lin)、篩(shai)(shai)板(ban)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)、脫(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)、排出(chu)(chu)(chu)體外，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)道工藝來完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)設(she)(she)備。堿(jian)法濕(shi)式(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)是利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)堿(jian)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(石灰等(deng)(deng))作(zuo)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，由鍋爐排出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經管道進(jin)入脫(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)塔，當煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)入預(yu)處理(li)區，由吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)池水(shui)(shui)泵提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)送到(dao)(dao)噴(pen)(pen)咀噴(pen)(pen)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，對(dui)經過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)噴(pen)(pen)淋(lin)(lin)預(yu)處理(li)，大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粉塵(chen)落入水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)，因風機壓力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，管道里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以高(gao)速進(jin)入脫(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)塔內，直接沖(chong)擊(ji)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面激起大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)泡(pao)沫和(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)花，使堿(jian)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高(gao)度(du)(du)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，行(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)霧化(hua)(hua)(hua)區，大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)粉塵(chen)落入吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)粉塵(chen)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)硫(liu)等(deng)(deng)有(you)(you)害物質活性(xing)比較大(da)(da)，*易溶于(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)，遇水(shui)(shui)就能(neng)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)塔內氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)繼(ji)續上升，小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粉塵(chen)顆粒繼(ji)續粘結，凝聚形成(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)(shui)灰混合(he)物，當氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)附托力(li)(li)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)滴(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量時(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)滴(di)落入吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)SO2等(deng)(deng)酸(suan)性(xing)物質與堿(jian)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)霧進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)質反應，由氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相轉(zhuan)入液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相中(zhong)，脫(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)塔根據煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)，中(zhong)部(bu)設(she)(she)有(you)(you)篩(shai)(shai)板(ban)和(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)淋(lin)(lin)管，當煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穿過(guo)(guo)篩(shai)(shai)板(ban)時(shi)(shi)，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)篩(shai)(shai)板(ban)上保持一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)(du)，穿過(guo)(guo)篩(shai)(shai)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)散在(zai)(zai)(zai)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)層(ceng)中(zhong)，由吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)池水(shui)(shui)泵提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)斷由噴(pen)(pen)咀噴(pen)(pen)到(dao)(dao)塔中(zhong)，同時(shi)(shi)鼓起的(de)(de)(de)(de)泡(pao)沫使氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)接觸面增大(da)(da)，煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)接觸中(zhong)被捕集于(yu)(yu)(yu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)層(ceng)中(zhong)，煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穿過(guo)(guo)篩(shai)(shai)板(ban)后，篩(shai)(shai)板(ban)上有(you)(you)填(tian)料，在(zai)(zai)(zai)較大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)，填(tian)料層(ceng)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)湍(tuan)流(liu)狀態，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)填(tian)料層(ceng)形成(cheng)(cheng)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)膜，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)穿過(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)強烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)湍(tuan)流(liu)情況下(xia)與吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)質吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)繼(ji)續上升，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)上部(bu)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)器、離心(xin)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理(li)，把氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)霧滴(di)甩到(dao)(dao)器壁上流(liu)下(xia)，達到(dao)(dao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)離，凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)入風機，由煙(yan)(yan)囪排出(chu)(chu)(chu)。該設(she)(she)備由于(yu)(yu)(yu)自激沸騰，把聚集在(zai)(zai)(zai)塔內的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高(gao)度(du)(du)霧化(hua)(hua)(hua)，形成(cheng)(cheng)具有(you)(you)**捕集與吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泡(pao)沫液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)霧層(ceng)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、固三(san)相的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)質得到(dao)(dao)優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，濕(shi)式(shi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體粘附、滯留、碰(peng)撞、吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙膜理(li)論等(deng)(deng)各項(xiang)凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)機理(li)得到(dao)(dao)了更好(hao)發揮，對(dui)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)煙(yan)(yan)塵(chen)和(he)(he)(he)SO2的(de)(de)(de)(de)凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)都有(you)(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果。
